Improvement in hats and caps



E. P. HOYT. Hat and Gap.

No. 221,313. Patented Nov. 4, 1879.

6 m in? .PHERS. PHOTO-L THOGRAPHER WASHINGTON D C UNITED STATES ATETEZRA P. HOYT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN HATS AND CAPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 221,313, dated November4, 1879; application filed September 11, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EZRA P. How, of the city and county of New York, inthe State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement inHats and Caps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the said invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form apart of this specificatlon.

This improvement relates to means for ventilatin g hats and caps, so asto keep the wearers head cool in summer.

The heat within unventilated hats is of two kinds, namely: first,body-heat radiated from the head and confined by the hat; and, second,sunhcat absorbed by the hat and imparted to the inclosed air. The latteris, of course, intensified when, the hat is black or of a dark color,owing to the well-known affinity of dark colors for the heat-rays of thesun; and hats of light colors are consequently resorted to; but darkcolors are preferred by most persons. Expensive and unsightlynon-conducting hats are also worn to a limited extent, and variousventilating arrangements have been devised for ordinary hats and caps;but so far as I am aware none of the latter provide for intercepting thesaid sun-heat, which is the primary object of the present invention.

My said invention consists, first, in the combination, with an ordinarybody or outer shell, of a light inner shell or lining, forming above andaround the head-space an air-chamber, with provision for the constantpassage of air through said chamber to carry off the absorbed sun-heat,the heated air being kept from contact with the head by said linin Mysaid invention consists, secondly, in a novel sweat-band wire, forminginlets to said air-chamber, while it also admits cool air to the head.

My said invention consists, thirdly, in the combination of saidsweat-band wire, or its equivalent, and one or more escape-tubes, forventilating the head-space of the hat or cap without communicationbetween said space and said air-chamber, as hereinafter more fully setforth.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a bottom view of a hatillustrating this invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same onthe line 2 2, Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4t repre sent fragmentary verticalsections in other planes, as indicated by the lines correspondinglynumbered in Fig. 1. Figs. 5 and 6 are fragmentary perspective views,respectively, of the sweat-band wire shown in Figs. 1 to 4, and of asubstitute sweat-band wire, illustrating a modification.

Like letters of referen ce indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

In carrying out this invention an ordinary sweat-band, S, of a givensize, is inserted within a lining-shell or lining, L, of correspondingsize, and both are sewed at their lower edges to a peculiar sweat-bandwire or hoop, H. The latter is shown in detail in Fig. 5. It is a flatmetallic wire or narrow hoop, having perforations a to provide forsewing therethrough in attaching the same to the sweat-band and lining,as aforesaid, and external loops or open projections, 12 W, at front andrear and on each side, to provide for sewin g the whole within arelativelylarger ordinary hody or outer shell, 0. Before so uniting theparts said outer shell is provided with one or more inwardly-projectingtubes, 0 0 passing through perforations therein, and secured by flangesand riveting, as shown at c, or in any preferred way; also with.perforations (I. Said tubes pass through matching perforations in thelining L when the latter is inserted, and are secured thereto as to theouter shell, 0. By means of said tubes 0 c and the said loops 1) b ofthe sweat-band wire said lining is supported concentrically within saidouter shell, so as to form an air-chamber within the latter above andaround said lining, and having no communication with the inner space,which receives the head. Said air-chamber and said head-space areprovided with independent inlets by means of the sweatband wire H, thelining L being projected outward by ducts c, to communicate with thesaid loops 1) D to admit air to the head, while the spaces between saidloops admit air to the outer chamber. Independent outlets are providedby the tube 0 and perforations d. The flow of air is represented byarrows in Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

A tube or tubes, 0 may admit air to the head, as illustrated by Fig. 4,and makers may use therewith a sweat-band wire, H, Fig. 6, having simplyexternal projections, b, to form the inlet-spaeesf; or any of theordinary sweatband ventilators may be so used.

I also propose admitting air between the lining and outer shell by meansof eyelets or perforations in the outer shell; and cool air may beadmitted to the head from the inlet spaces j" by means of simpleopenings through the lining, or lining and sweat-band, near the loweredge, such openings to be located so far down as to preclude anymingling of the cur rents of air in the outer chamber and headspace.

The lining L may be of any light material suiliciently impervious to airto accomplish the described object, and its shape will vary somewhatwith its material, and also with the style of head-covering in which itis used.

The loops Z) b may be three or more, distributed as preferred; and it isonly necessary that the outlet tube or tubes 0 shall extend from theupper part of the lining, and that the outlet-perforations d be locatedat or near the top of the outer shell.

The following is what I claim as new and of my own invention, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, namely:

1. A hat or cap having an ordinary body or outer shell and an innershell or lining, with an ainchamber between, and provision for theconstant passage of air through the latter to carry off sun heat withoutpermitting the heated air to come in contact with the head of EZRA r.norr.

lVitnesses:

EDWARD D. URONIN, J osErH J. GOUGII.

